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		<title>Gross Domestic &#8220;Problem&#8221;:  are we entering a post GDP era?</title>
		<link>http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/gross-domestic-problem-are-we-entering-a-post-gdp-era/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jun 2010 10:03:44 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[originally published on OpenDemocracy: http://www.opendemocracy.net/openeconomy/lorenzo-fioramonti/gross-domestic-problem The financial crisis has been crunching our economies. Plummeting exports, job losses, falling investment, home foreclosures and skyrocketing deficits (and public debt) are but a few of the most widely reported disastrous effects of the current downturn. Yet, although media attention is all focused on the treacherous road to recovery, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=55&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>originally published on OpenDemocracy: </p>
<p>http://www.opendemocracy.net/openeconomy/lorenzo-fioramonti/gross-domestic-problem</p>
<p>The financial crisis has been crunching our economies. Plummeting exports, job losses, falling investment, home foreclosures and skyrocketing deficits (and public debt) are but a few of the most widely reported disastrous effects of the current downturn. Yet, although media attention is all focused on the treacherous road to recovery, the financial rollercoaster seems to have triggered an important global debate questioning the sustainability of the current economic system based on infinite economic growth. Such a critique is not only based on the inherent instability of market-based dynamics, but also on the more long-term impact that these processes exert on the planet’s limited natural resources and societal wellbeing at large. Does our quality of life improve when our economy grows by 2 or 3%? Can we sacrifice our ecosystems to safeguard an economic framework marred by internal inconsistencies and imbalances?</p>
<p>GDP as a ‘problem’</p>
<p>For the first time since it was invented in the 1940s, the so-called gross domestic product (GDP), which is the popular icon of economic growth, has become a ‘problem’. Even a defender of economic conservatism such as The Economist recently hosted an online debate on the issue concluding that “GDP is a poor measure of improving living standards”. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), another bastion of economic traditionalism, has also been casting doubts on the dogma of economic growth. On their website, they recognize that “for a good portion of the 20th century there was an implicit assumption that economic growth was synonymous with progress: an assumption that a growing GDP meant life must be getting better. But now the world recognizes that it isn’t quite as simple as that. Despite high levels of economic growth in many countries, we are no more satisfied with our life (or happier) than we were 50 years ago”.</p>
<p>This debate has also been influencing the European political arena. In November 2007, the EU hosted a high-level conference titled ‘Beyond GDP’ and, two years later, the Commission released a communication on ‘GDP and Beyond: Measuring progress in a changing world’, where it argued that GDP has been unduly “regarded as a proxy indicator for overall societal development and progress in general” and, since it does not measure environmental sustainability or social inclusion, “its limitations need to be taken into account when using it in policy analysis and debates.” The special commission on social progress set up by French President Nicholas Sarkozy and chaired by Nobel laureates Joseph Stiglitz and Amartya Sen has also highlighted the profound inadequacy of GDP as a measure of societal wellbeing. Its 2009 report identifies a number of alternative indicators to replace GDP and reminds us that “GDP is a measure of mainly market production, though it has often been treated as if it were a measure of economic well-being. Doing so can lead to misleading indications about how well-off people are and entail the wrong policy decisions”.</p>
<p>These recent developments build on an important branch of economic research, which has long shown that quality of life and social progress is increasingly de-coupled from economic growth, especially in industrialized countries. Of course, the global financial crisis has been aiding this new wave of revisionism given that most industrialized countries have been experiencing a prolonged downward trend in terms of GDP figures.  Europe is in the eye of the storm, ravaged by international speculators and apparently unable to get back on its feet and run the race of ‘growth at all costs’ against the formidable competition of China, India and a bunch of other fast-growing economies. Quite unexpectedly, this situation has turned the ‘old continent’ into a fertile terrain for revisionist approaches to GDP. Indeed, some political leaders feel increasingly uneasy and fear that such unidimensional approach to the measurement of economic performance might weaken their popular support in the short term. This may have been the main motive behind President Sarkozy’s decision to institute its commission last year.</p>
<p>Alternative indicators are not enough</p>
<p>This is not the first time GDP comes under fire. For many years, progressive economists, think tanks and NGOs have been producing alternative indicators to measure social well-being.</p>
<p>Take for instance Social Watch, an international NGO head-quartered in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since 1995, they have been producing a Basic Capabilities Index (BCI, previously called Quality of Life Index), based on non-monetary indicators such as the percentage of children reaching fifth grade, survival until the age of 5, and the percentage of births attended by skilled personnel. As remarked by the organization, the “BCI does not use income as an indicator. It defines poverty not in terms of money, but in different aspects of people’s actual condition and their greater or lesser possibility of having their human rights fulfilled”. Arguably, the BCI is far more accurate than the Human Development Index (HDI, which is the UN-backed measurement of well-being) given that the latter still includes GDP per capita within its formula, although complemented by measures of literacy and life expectancy.</p>
<p>Indicators comparing economic performance and environmental resources have also been available for quite some time, inspired by the theories of “genuine progress” stressing the need to account for the human and environmental costs of economic growth. The New Economic Foundation, a progressive think-tank based in London, has been calculating a number of alternative measurements to GDP over the years, including the Happy Planet Index, a metric combining the environmental impact of our economies with the human well-being of citizens in order “to measure the environmental efficiency with which, country by country, people live long and happy lives”. The WWF and the UN Environmental Programme have been promoting a Living Planet Index, while the Global Footprint Network has been advancing the use of their Ecological Footprint, “a resource accounting tool that measures how much nature we have, how much we use, and who uses what”.    </p>
<p>In 2004, China announced that a “green” GDP would become the country’s main economic indicator in order to account for the financial impact of environmental degradation, pollution and other externalities. For the past two decades, the government of Bhutan has rejected GDP and has instead adopted a “gross national happiness” index, which serves as the main guiding parameter for the country’s development policy.</p>
<p>The prolonged existence of alternative indicators and their relative lack of success at dethroning GDP point to an important element, which is grossly missing in the current debate: the transition to a different economic model cannot be achieved simply through statistical innovations. In fact, this ‘Copernican revolution’ is a chiefly cultural endeavour. Societies that reward overconsumption and thrive on social inequalities will not be rescued by a new numerical device, no matter how useful and long-overdue its invention might be. Thus the task at hand will be to move from mainstream economic thinking to a more sociological/philosophical re-thinking of how we have organized our lives and structured our societies. </p>
<p>In a recent issue of the New York Times magazine, Jon Gertner draws an interesting comparison between the lifestyles of two individuals, which he calls High GDP Man and Low GDP Man:</p>
<p>Consider, for example, the lives of two people — let’s call them High-G.D.P. Man and Low-G.D.P. Man. High-G.D.P. Man has a long commute to work and drives an automobile that gets poor gas mileage, forcing him to spend a lot on fuel. The morning traffic and its stresses aren’t too good for his car (which he replaces every few years) or his cardiovascular health (which he treats with expensive pharmaceuticals and medical procedures). High-G.D.P. Man works hard, spends hard. He loves going to bars and restaurants, likes his flat-screen televisions and adores his big house, which he keeps at 71 degrees year round and protects with a state-of-the-art security system. High-G.D.P. Man and his wife pay for a sitter (for their kids) and a nursing home (for their aging parents). They don’t have time for housework, so they employ a full-time housekeeper. They don’t have time to cook much, so they usually order in. They’re too busy to take long vacations. As it happens, all those things — cooking, cleaning, home care, three-week vacations and so forth — are the kind of activity that keep Low-G.D.P. Man and his wife busy. High-G.D.P. Man likes his washer and dryer; Low-G.D.P. Man doesn’t mind hanging his laundry on the clothesline. High-G.D.P. Man buys bags of prewashed salad at the grocery store; Low-G.D.P. Man grows vegetables in his garden. When High-G.D.P. Man wants a book, he buys it; Low-G.D.P. Man checks it out of the library. When High-G.D.P. Man wants to get in shape, he joins a gym; Low-G.D.P. Man digs out an old pair of Nikes and runs through the neighborhood. On his morning commute, High-G.D.P. Man drives past Low-G.D.P. Man, who is walking to work in wrinkled khakis.</p>
<p>According to the paradigm of economic growth, High GDP Man is a successful individual while Low GDP Man is a poor devil. When presented with this apparent paradox, most economists would respond that the problem can be easily corrected by monetizing Low GDP Man’s non-monetary activities. As simple as that: put a price on walking to work or growing and cooking your own food and you will have a more balanced measure of economic productivity.</p>
<p>Economists’ obsession with prices is notorious, but its contagious effects are less well known.  Nowadays even environmentalists have endorsed this ‘price tagging’ philosophy, which has animated a number of international projects aiming at calculating the economic value (read price) of nearly everything, from political participation to ecological resources. The term “ecosystem services”, which inherently portrays Mother Nature as a provider of goods and services to our economies, has become rather popular these days and research funding is available to find creative ways to calculate how much ‘money’ the Earth is giving our economies for free.</p>
<p>Granted, most of these initiatives are well-intentioned in so far as they attempt to draw policy makers’ attention to the importance of natural resources for the sustainability not only of the biosphere, but also of our societies (including our economies). At the same time, this approach risks reinforcing the mainstream view that goods without a price are worthless. Most of these research initiatives do not think outside the box and usually adopt the same categories, concepts and tools of mainstream economic thinking. For instance, they strive to calculate the opportunity cost of preserving the local stream of water vis-à-vis building a school. Or they attempt to identify the citizens&#8217; willingness to pay for the ecosystem services in order to monetize the entire planet’s natural functions, from pollination to natural fertilization. But how reasonable is to argue that the amount of money we would be willing to pay to preserve these ecosystems is a good approximation of their real value? Can we, in good faith, put a price on the atmosphere? If everything has got a price, then there must a level beyond which it is ‘economically’ convenient to dispose of it. But can we dispose of air?  </p>
<p>Unfortunately, this way of reasoning has infiltrated a number of research sectors and has also influenced the climate change discourse, paving the way for the introduction of dubious concepts such as natural capital, green growth, clean development and, above all, carbon offsets: dangerous devices aiming to transform common goods into market commodities, while preserving the economic growth philosophy which underpins our societies. It is because of this deeply embedded paradigm that governmental institutions, such as the European Union, can claim – as they recently did – that a 30% emission cut might be too expensive to carry out. But what do concepts as ‘expensive’ or ‘cheap’ mean at all when we talk about our climate?</p>
<p>By adopting the economic ‘lens’ to value our ecosystems, we have unconsciously endorsed the technocratic hubris of mainstream economic rationality. Therefore, even when we make honest attempts at resolving the climate conundrum (as most environmentalists do), we confine ourselves to a language of numbers, formulae and thresholds, which give us a false idea of scientific precision. We forget that these are not realities, but constructs. Concepts such as prices and externalities, which we have largely internalized in our way of thinking, are not neutral: they carry a very particular view of the reality and inevitably affect the way in which we relate to the outside world. If we are to resolve the challenges we are currently facing, this language must be deconstructed, reinterpreted and mediated both at the social and political level.</p>
<p>A cultural revolution</p>
<p>These are just some examples of why it is essential to move beyond the current economic framework and embrace a more commonsensical (not to say philosophical) approach. In this regard, the real question is not: How do we account for Low GDP Man&#8217;s non-financial activities and put a correct price on them? But rather: Which of the two men’s lives would we like to live? What model of life do we aspire to?</p>
<p>GDP is not just a number, it is a language, the reflection of a model of society. In industrialized countries and many so-called developing countries, citizens have been reduced to consumers and the idea of market has long superseded that of community. The language of consumerism has become the main lens through which we relate to the outside world. Things must be consumed through buying and disposing. Concepts like mending, fixing, reusing are stigmatized as relics of the post-war period. In our cities, we find thousands of retailers of the most diverse cutting-edge technologies, but hardly a repair shop. Gadgets are not sought after because of their use value, but because of the social status attached to it. Owning a state-of-the-art flashy Blackberry makes you a successful person, no matter what the actual use you make of it. Not owning a car turns you into a loser, even if you work only two blocs away from your apartment.</p>
<p>When consumers’ demand plunges, our countries enter a state of national grief. When the stock exchange spikes up, we cheer as if our lives were miraculously rescued. Every day, we are bombarded with powerful messages celebrating overconsumption as the only way to a good life. Even civic organizations have internalized this new philosophy by transforming themselves into consumers’ organizations.</p>
<p>Against the complexities of such a society, the introduction of a new statistical metric – albeit fundamental and necessary – will achieve very little. Progressive academics and like-minded policy makers need to understand that the introduction of statistical alternatives must go hand in hand with the pursuit of a cultural transformation. For starters, instead of being restricted to a small circle of experts, this critique of GDP should be extended to civil society and the media in order to spur an open debate on the perils of economic growth and, perhaps more importantly, on its desirability. Time might be ripe for a cultural revolution.</p>
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		<title>Climate change is not about the environment. It is about justice</title>
		<link>http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/climate-change-is-not-about-the-environment-it-is-about-justice/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 18:11:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>globalreboot</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles in English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adaptation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic model]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[systemic crisis]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This article was originally published by European Alternatives. To see the original version click here The current development model, based on the dogma of infinite economic growth, is deeply unsustainable and unjust in at least three different regards. Politically, as it dictates that only a minority can control energy resources and its benefits, steer the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=36&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This article was originally published by European Alternatives. To see the original version click <a href="http://www.euroalter.com/2009/climate-change-is-not-about-the-environment-it-is-about-justice/">here</a></p>
<p>The current development model, based on the dogma of infinite economic growth, is deeply unsustainable and unjust in at least three different regards. Politically, as it dictates that only a minority can control energy resources and its benefits, steer the market economy and, eventually, pull the strings of global governance. Financially, as it makes our societies completely vulnerable to financial ‘hiccups’, which are quickly turned into devastating economic crises that nobody seems to be able to stop. Environmentally, as it depletes the Earth of natural resources, causing serious ecological damage and undermining the future of biological (including human) life on the only planet we have. No matter what angle we choose, it is clear that this model is irremediably wrong.</p>
<p>If the whole world were a single country (as it practically is at a time of sustained globalization), it would be the most unjust nation in history. The lion’s share of global wealth is concentrated into the hands of 2% of the world’s population, while over 1 billion people go hungry everyday. A few multinationals have larger budgets than entire nations. Global politics is controlled by 8 states (the so-called G8) out of over 190 countries (that is, less than 4%). In France, before the 1789 revolution, the political and economic power was in the hands of about 6% of the population. How does that compare?</p>
<p>Undoubtedly, the current development model has had important positive effects on certain aspects of our quality of life. For instance, less people die today in the European Union than fifty years ago, education systems are more efficient, technology has covered significant ground in many fields. Yet, this applies to a small minority of citizens. For the vast majority, economic development has simply meant dispossession, privatization, devastation, and war. And even in the most economically developed countries, the following questions are still to be answered: has market-based consumerism made our societies more mature? is our economic wellbeing allowing us to enjoy life more fully? are we really happier when our country’s GDP goes up? These are crucial questions, which we often refuse to face.</p>
<p>After sweeping all these problems under the carpet for decades, climate change is now forcing us to revise the fundamentals of our economic system. The planet cannot take it anymore. Even traditional economic reasoning would recognize that such a development model, which endangers the continuation of life on the planet while exacerbating injustices, is utterly sub-optimal and must be revolutionized. While technology might help to some extent, it will certainly not solve the problem on its own. Seemingly magical solutions such as cap and trade, offsetting, clean development mechanism, joint implementations and basically all other instruments contemplated by the Kyoto Protocol and under negotiation at the COP 15 are missing the forest for the trees. Not only do they keep perpetrating the system that generated all problems we have been discussing, but they also distract citizens with false solutions. In the European Union, the carbon trade mechanism has already shown all its flaws.</p>
<p>We cannot continue business-as-usual. Climate change is already having catastrophic consequences, which will exacerbate in the coming years. Poor countries are faced with droughts, floods, and recurrent famines. Richer countries have to deal with colder winters and unsustainably hot summers, fires and millions of climate refugees approaching their borders in search for a better life, as is also recognized by the European Commission in the 2009 White Paper on Adapting to Climate Change. Having failed to mitigate the effects of climate, we are slowly entering an ‘age of adaptation’. Whether we like it or not, we are coming to terms with the fact that the way in which we have been living on the planet will be fundamentally altered in the next decades. But adaptation can occur in two diametrically opposed ways. We can practice reactive adaptation, by refusing to change our unsustainable development model and preparing to defend ourselves against rougher weather and growing popular unrest (e.g. by building a fortress around the EU, shooting migrants on the borders, or building highly protected compounds, not dissimilar to some Israeli settlements in Palestine, which would allow us to continue pretending nothing is happening our there). Or, rather, we can start adapting more actively. Active adaptation requires full awareness of the flaws of our development model in order to build a new type of society. Active adaptation will need us to get more involved in the running of our villages, towns and cities in order to experiment with new models of collective life. More than mere personal lifestyle changes, it means that we demand a transformation of how our societies are run. It is a u-turn with regard to the way which most of us have been living thus far, but it is the only option we are left with. Adaptation is inescapable, but we can still decide how to adapt.</p>
<p>*They are the authors of “The Age of Adaptation”, a documentary which discusses some of the ideas presented in this article. To view the film, click here. </p>
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		<title>Non è un lusso l&#8217;ambiente ai tempi della crisi</title>
		<link>http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/non-e-un-lusso-lambiente-ai-tempi-della-crisi/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 18:07:58 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Questo articolo è stato originalmente pubblicato sul sito di dibattito economico Sbilanciamoci.info (per leggere l&#8217;articolo originale cliccare qui). Agli albori della conferenza di Copenhagen, cala il sostegno popolare per la lotta ai cambiamenti climatici perché i cittadini sono sempre più preoccupati dalla crisi economica. Ma è un falso dualismo. Ecco perché Bisogna studiarsi le analisi [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=33&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Questo articolo è stato originalmente pubblicato sul sito di dibattito economico Sbilanciamoci.info (per leggere l&#8217;articolo originale cliccare <a href="http://www.sbilanciamoci.info/Sezioni/globi/Non-e-un-lusso-l-ambiente-ai-tempi-della-crisi">qui</a>).</p>
<p>Agli albori della conferenza di Copenhagen, cala il sostegno popolare per la lotta ai cambiamenti climatici perché i cittadini sono sempre più preoccupati dalla crisi economica. Ma è un falso dualismo. Ecco perché<br />
Bisogna studiarsi le analisi internazionali per capire come si muova la politica internazionale in vista del vertice di Copenhagen sul clima. Perché in Italia non se ne parla. Zero. Nessun dibattito pubblico, se non in qualche circolo ambientalista. E ciò che emerge dai pre-negoziati è piuttosto deprimente: il COP15 sarà probabilmente un nuovo vertice preparatorio. Cioè, nella migliore delle ipotesi si arriverà ad un accordo di principio, ma le vere decisioni verranno rimandate di qualche mese. Forse alla metà del 2010, sostengono alcuni insiders.<br />
La ‘presenza-assenza’ di Obama, ne è già un’indicazione. Il presidente USA arriverà il 9 dicembre per una visita di cortesia, prima di volare ad Oslo per ritirare il Nobel. Non parteciperà ai lavori conclusivi del summit, che costituiranno il momento chiave per arrivare ad un accordo. I suoi advisors gli hanno sconsigliato di investire troppo sul vertice, perché il probabile insuccesso potrebbe avere un effetto negativo sulla sua credibilità (soprattutto in America). Il Congresso, intanto, promette battaglia su qualunque ipotesi di target per le emissioni. D’altronde un sondaggio PEW di poche settimane evidenziava come il numero di scettici nei confronti dei cambiamenti climatici sia in aumento. Solo il 57% degli americani crede che il global warming stia davvero accadendo (in calo di oltre 20 punti rispetto al 2008) ed è una minoranza (il 37%) a ritenere che i fenomeni climatici siano imputabili alle attività umane (http://people-press.org/report/556/global-warming). Ma il trend non coinvolge soltanto l’altra sponda dell’Atlantico. Secondo una ricerca della Commissione europea, gli europei che considerano la lotta ai cambiamenti climatici una priorità sono scesi dal 62% (nel 2008) al 50% (http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14807107). Anche in Australia, nonostante lo sforzo lodevole del governo Rudd, che si è impegnato a raggiungere un accordo coraggioso a livello globale, cresce lo scetticismo di molti cittadini e la riottosità dei politicanti, come testimoniato in questi giorni dall’opposizione in senato (http://en.cop15.dk/news/view+news?newsid=2729).<br />
A cosa si deve questa inversione di tendenza? Sono tanti i fattori in gioco, ma l’elemento più dirompente è probabilmente l’inasprirsi della crisi sociale che ha fatto seguito alla debacle finanziaria globale. Con il tasso di disoccupazione in ascesa in tutti i paesi economicamente avanzati, molti cittadini hanno perso di vista la questione climatica. Ora la priorità è rimettere in marcia l’economia e creare nuovi posti di lavoro. In questo senso, la retorica di Obama, che legava la ripresa economica al lancio della green economy, non sembra aver fatto breccia. E comunque il governo americano avrà bisogno di tenere le mani libere nei confronti di target vincolanti sulle emissioni se vuole davvero lanciare il capitalismo ‘verde’. Nel breve periodo le emissioni continueranno a crescere, anche in virtù di sussidi pubblici, come è sempre avvenuto nelle fasi espansive dei nuovi settori economici. Non è un caso che la Cina sia diventata uno dei maggiori produttori al mondo di pannelli solari, turbine eoliche e celle combustibili. Nella logica del libero mercato, questi prodotti oggi viaggiano in giro per il pianeta, esasperando le emissioni che promettono di abbattere.<br />
È tutto qui il problema. I dubbi e le incertezze dei cittadini nascono dal fatto che si continua a descrivere la questione climatica come un problema ambientale. È un grave errore. I cambiamenti climatici sono la prova ultima dell’insostenibilità sociale del nostro sistema economico, che produce crisi dopo crisi, rende precario qualunque posto di lavoro e soffoca il pianeta. Un approccio liberista al global warming, come quello in parte promosso dal Protocollo di Kyoto, non farà altro che presentare gli stessi problemi del modello classico. I mercati internazionali si accapiglieranno per riempirci di prodotti, i paesi del ‘sud globale’ verranno ri-colonizzati per imporre foreste monocoltura, i lavoratori verranno sfruttati per produrre a basso costo, i cittadini verranno ridotti al rango di meri consumatori, ed il lavoro, invece di nobilitare l’uomo, continuerà ad essere una schiavitù nascosta.<br />
La crisi sistemica ci offre la possibilità di re-inventare un modello fallimentare. Per questo è indispensabile che, anche in Italia, il dibattito sui cambiamenti climatici esca dai piccoli circoli di ambientalisti e divenga un’occasione per riflettere sulle sue cause sociali ed economiche. Il protrarsi della crisi economica deve essere visto come un’opportunità per creare un’economia diversa, che renda il lavoro qualcosa di cui andare fieri e l’acquisto un atto di cui non vergognarsi. Ma se continueremo a nasconderci dietro un dito rifiutando di vedere il legame tra crisi economica e questione climatica, finiremo con il condannarci all’auto-lesionismo perpetuo.</p>
<p>Lorenzo Fioramonti è promotore della campagna di comunicazione sociale Global Reboot (www.globalreboot.org) </p>
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		<title>Se con il clima torna la società civile</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 17:59:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>globalreboot</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articoli in Italiano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[COP15]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Questo articolo è stato pubblicato originalmente sul sito di dibattito economico Sbilanciamoci.info (per leggere l&#8217;articolo clicca qui) Le mobilitazioni contro i cambiamenti climatici stiano ridando fiato ed energia alle reti globali di attivisti. Dopo Seattle e dopo la grande crisi, è l&#8217;ambiente il nuovo catalizzatore? Il 24 ottobre 2009 si è tenuta la giornata internazionale [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=26&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Questo articolo è stato pubblicato originalmente sul sito di dibattito economico Sbilanciamoci.info (per leggere l&#8217;articolo clicca <a href="http://www.sbilanciamoci.info/Archivio/ambiente/Se-con-il-clima-torna-la-societa-civile-globale">qui</a>)</p>
<p>Le mobilitazioni contro i cambiamenti climatici stiano ridando fiato ed energia alle reti globali di attivisti. Dopo Seattle e dopo la grande crisi, è l&#8217;ambiente il nuovo catalizzatore?</p>
<p>Il 24 ottobre 2009 si è tenuta la giornata internazionale per l&#8217;azione sul clima. L&#8217;iniziativa, lanciata dalla rete 350 (www.350.org), ha coinvolto oltre 180 paesi con più di 5 mila manifestazioni di piccole, medie e grandi dimensioni. Singoli cittadini, gruppi organizzati e piccoli movimenti locali hanno aderito ad una call globale per la mobilitazione di massa contro le conseguenze a lungo termine dei cambiamenti climatici. Lo stesso giorno, la New Economics Foundation di Londra ha inaugurato il Festival dell&#8217;Interdipendenza (http://thebiggerpicture2009.org), dove numerosi economisti ed intellettuali provenienti da tutta Europa si sono confrontati sulla possibilità di costruire un modello di sviluppo economico diverso da quello attuale fondato sulla crescita economica. La settimana prima, l&#8217;iniziativa internazionale Stand Up and Take Action, aveva già coinvolto molti gruppi in giro per il mondo, concentrandosi sul legame che esiste tra povertà crescente e riscaldamento globale (http://standagainstpoverty.org). Movimenti per la decrescita, l&#8217;autogestione del territorio e l&#8217;economia solidale pullulano in gran parte del mondo, dalle periferie delle metropoli europee alle capitali del &#8216;sud globale&#8217;.</p>
<p>Sta finalmente rinascendo un movimento globale? Negli ultimi anni, la società civile globale, che aveva scosso il mondo dopo Seattle fino a diventare la nuova super potenza mondiale alla vigilia della guerra in Iraq, era entrata in una fase letargica sempre più profonda. Paradossalmente, questo processo di regressione accadeva proprio quando la storia cominciava a dimostrare la validità delle proposte avanzate dai tanti movimenti altermondialisti. Gli effetti distorsivi del libero commercio erano stati ampiamente previsti dalle organizzazioni di cooperazione internazionale, molto prima di entrare nella retorica ufficiale di molte amministrazioni statali, a partire da quella di Obama. La crisi economica ha poi confermato l&#8217;instabilità strutturale del nostro sistema economico globale, rivelando tutte le debolezze che il pensiero altermondialista aveva identificato da almeno un decennio. Ciononostante, l&#8217;avverarsi della profezia si manifestava parallelamente alla crisi del settore civico internazionale.</p>
<p>Oggi sembra che le mobilitazioni contro i cambiamenti climatici stiano ridando fiato ed energia alle reti globali di attivisti. La crisi climatica, infatti, sta diventando il catalizzatore delle tante ingiustizie che affliggono il mondo. Per le organizzazioni locali che difendono i diritti del territorio, il riscaldamento globale rischia di vanificare i risultati di molte battaglie. I movimenti indigeni che hanno duramente lottato per le proprie prerogative si sentono ora minacciati da cambiamenti sistemici che minacciano profondamente le loro comunità. I movimenti contadini vivono sulla propria pelle le conseguenze delle frequenti siccità, seguite da inondazioni che distruggono i raccolti. Povertà, ingiustizie e instabilità economiche si legano vicendevolmente nella crisi ambientale.</p>
<p>La questione climatica è infatti una tempesta perfetta, che fa convergere ed esaspera le crisi molteplici che attraversano il mondo, da quella economica a quella alimentare, da quella energetica a quella sociale. In questo senso, la lotta ai cambiamenti climatici può facilmente aggregare gruppi tradizionalmente diversi, cittadini del &#8216;nord&#8217; e del &#8216;sud&#8217; globale, movimenti sociali e organizzazioni non-governative, organizzazioni ambientaliste e sindacati. Secondo Paul Hawken, autore del libro Moltitudine Inarrestabile, stiamo assistendo alla formazione del più vasto movimento civico al mondo. Ovviamente, questa rete di attivisti ha cominciato ad operare soprattutto a livello locale, in molti casi attraverso pratiche concrete nei territori di riferimento. Gradualmente poi è cominciata ad emergere una rete globale che sta riattivando i contatti sopiti del movimento altermondialista. Dal punto di vista della mobilitazione, la conferenza di Copenhagen di Dicembre potrebbe segnare il battesimo di una nuova fase dell&#8217;attivismo globale. Si può soltanto speculare sull&#8217;evoluzione di questo fenomeno, che per il momento resta ancora in una fase embrionale. La speranza è che si riesca a recuperare le energie e le speranze create dalla stagione di attivismo globale dei primi anni del nuovo millennio per incanalarle verso un&#8217;azione collettiva e coordinata. D&#8217;altronde la sfida climatica rappresenta un&#8217;opportunità storica per rivoluzionare il nostro modello di sviluppo e tutte le ingiustizie da esso create. </p>
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		<title>GLOBAL REBOOT su Terranauta, il portale ecologista italiano</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 17:54:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>globalreboot</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articoli in Italiano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The &#039;reboot&#039; philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adattamento]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[DA TERRANAUTA.IT del 19 Ottobre 2009 http://www.terranauta.it/a1472/cultura_ecologica/l_era_dell_adattamento.html L’era dell’adattamento “L’era dell’adattamento” è un documentario che invita cittadini di tutto il mondo ad agire per rivoluzionare il sistema economico e sociale in cui viviamo. È disponibile gratuitamente sulla rete il documentario sui cambiamenti climatici che invita a ‘resettare’ il sistema. Si tratta di “L’era dell’adattamento”, prodotto [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=22&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>DA TERRANAUTA.IT del 19 Ottobre 2009</p>
<p>http://www.terranauta.it/a1472/cultura_ecologica/l_era_dell_adattamento.html</p>
<p>L’era dell’adattamento<br />
“L’era dell’adattamento” è un documentario che invita cittadini di tutto il mondo ad agire per rivoluzionare il sistema economico e sociale in cui viviamo.</p>
<p>È disponibile gratuitamente sulla rete il documentario sui cambiamenti climatici che invita a ‘resettare’ il sistema. Si tratta di “L’era dell’adattamento”, prodotto dalla campagna Global Reboot (resettaggio globale), che invita cittadini di tutto il mondo ad agire per rivoluzionare il sistema economico e sociale in cui viviamo.</p>
<p>La tesi è piuttosto semplice. I cambiamenti climatici non vanno visti come un problema isolato, cui trovare delle soluzioni tecniche. Non si tratta solamente di diminuire le emissioni o di inventare qualche tecnologia che salvi l’umanità. Si tratta invece della prova ultima che dimostra la totale insostenibilità del sistema economico e sociale che ci governa. Questo modello di sviluppo, fondato sul dogma della crescita a tutti i costi, ha prodotto povertà crescente, ingiustizie sociali e conflitti insanabili. E ora minaccia addirittura di estinguere il genere umano.</p>
<p>Partendo da questa constatazione, “L’era dell’adattamento” lancia un messaggio: perché non trasformare la lotta ai cambiamenti climatici in un’opportunità per cambiare radicalmente il sistema che ci ha portato a questo punto?</p>
<p>Secondo gli autori, bisogna rifuggire dal techno-fix (la soluzione tecnica), perché rischierebbe di distrarre l’attenzione dal vero problema, che è l’ingiustizia profonda del nostro modello economico. Non è un caso, infatti, che siano proprio le grandi compagnie petrolifere e i colossi dell’energia a cavalcare la fiducia nella risposta tecnologica ai cambiamenti climatici.</p>
<p>Bisogna anche stare attenti al cosiddetto green-wash, cioè la propaganda falsamente ecologista che oggi imperversa nel marketing sociale delle grandi imprese multinazionali. Come esempio, il documentario analizza l’ipocrisia del carbon offsetting, una procedura che consente di investire in energie rinnovabili e riforestazione per ‘compensare’ i propri comportamenti inquinanti. Questi programmi di compensazione non solo forniscono una scusa per continuare a consumare come se niente fosse, ma rischiano addirittura di aggravare ulteriormente i cambiamenti climatici. Infatti, mentre il comportamento consumistico porta ad una emissione di gas serra nell’immediato, le iniziative di compensazione (se fatte bene) potrebbero riuscire a compensare solo nel lungo termine.</p>
<p>Infatti, si consuma anidride carbonica per costruire un pannello solare o una turbina eolica e si arriva ad un bilancio positivo solo dopo alcuni anni. L’assorbimento di anidride carbonica attraverso gli alberi è un processo ancora più lungo (richiede decenni). E chi le controlla queste foreste? Perché se si lasciano decomporre o vanno a fuoco, l’anidride carbonica torna nell’atmosfera. Quindi l’offsetting ci consente di continuare a inquinare oggi, senza sapere che solo tra molti anni potrebbe cominciare a funzionare. Nel frattempo andiamo a dormire tranquilli, con la coscienza a posto. Mentre i gas serra aumentano.</p>
<p>La continua esitazione da parte dei nostri governanti e la crescita di false tecnologie hanno ritardato la presa di coscienza dei cittadini. Che continuano a sperare in qualche soluzione, anche se è ormai evidente che il clima sta già cambiando. Non si tratta del 2050, del 2100. È una realtà attuale, che si fa sentire ogni giorno di più. Così, mentre i giornali parlano di mitigazione degli effetti, gran parte dei governi del mondo stanno investendo in politiche di adattamento. Senza che i cittadini se ne rendano conto. Già qualche anno fa, alcuni documenti dell’UE ammettevano che i cambiamenti climatici causeranno la più grande ondata di rifugiati verso l’Europa, con un impatto superiore a quello della seconda guerra mondiale.</p>
<p>Quindi, bisogna adattarsi e in fretta. Ma l’adattamento proposto dalla politica è una strategia difensiva. Erigere barriere, spostare intere popolazioni, rafforzare le abitazioni, chiudere i confini. È un adattamento dettato dalla paura e votato alla filosofia del si salvi chi può. Invece, il documentario prodotto da Global Reboot propone un adattamento ‘positivo’, che nasca dalla consapevolezza che questo modello di società non ha mai funzionato e va rivoluzionato. Bisogna arrivare a capire che le disuguaglianze globali, l’instabilità economica e la devastazione dell’ambiente sono tutte facce della stessa medaglia di una società votata al suicidio.</p>
<p>L’adattamento deve quindi diventare una scelta consapevole per costruire un nuovo essere umano, capace di vivere in armonia con i propri simili e con il proprio ecosistema. Un cittadino del mondo, che diventi pienamente cosciente degli effetti disastrosi delle politiche adottate finora. Soltanto una rivoluzione complessiva del nostro sistema economico e sociale può favorire l&#8217;adattamento necessario a rispondere alle sfide del futuro.</p>
<p>Trovate il tutto su: www.globalreboot.org </p>
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		<title>Che significa adattarsi al cambiamento?</title>
		<link>http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/che-significa-adattarsi-al-cambiamento/</link>
		<comments>http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/che-significa-adattarsi-al-cambiamento/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 17:46:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>globalreboot</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articoli in Italiano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adattamento]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[systemic crisis]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/?p=17</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[La continua esitazione da parte dei nostri governanti e la crescita di false tecnologie hanno ritardato la presa di coscienza dei cittadini. Che continuano a sperare in qualche soluzione, anche se è ormai evidente che il clima sta cambiando sotto i nostri occhi. Non si tratta del 2050, del 2100. È una realtà attuale, che [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=17&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La continua esitazione da parte dei nostri governanti e la crescita di false tecnologie hanno ritardato la presa di coscienza dei cittadini. Che continuano a sperare in qualche soluzione, anche se è ormai evidente che il clima sta cambiando sotto i nostri occhi. Non si tratta del 2050, del 2100. È una realtà attuale, che si fa sentire ogni giorno di più. Così, mentre i giornali parlano di mitigazione degli effetti, gran parte dei governi del mondo sta investendo in politiche di adattamento. Senza che i cittadini se ne rendano conto.</p>
<p>L’adattamento proposto dalla politica è una strategia difensiva. Erigere barriere, spostare intere popolazioni, rafforzare le abitazioni, chiudere i confini. È un adattamento dettato dalla paura e votato alla filosofia del si salvi chi può. Invece, Global Reboot propone un adattamento ‘positivo’, che nasca dalla consapevolezza che questo modello di società non ha mai funzionato e va rivoluzionato. Bisogna arrivare a capire che le disuguaglianze globali, l’instabilità economica e la devastazione dell’ambiente sono tutte facce della stessa medaglia di una società votata al suicidio. L’adattamento deve quindi diventare una scelta consapevole per costruire un nuovo essere umano, capace di vivere in armonia con i propri simili e con il proprio ecosistema. Un cittadino del mondo, che diventi pienamente cosciente degli effetti disastrosi delle politiche adottate finora. Soltanto una rivoluzione complessiva del nostro sistema economico e sociale può favorire l&#8217;adattamento necessario a rispondere alle sfide del futuro. </p>
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		<title>What is the &#8216;reboot&#8217;?</title>
		<link>http://globalreboot.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/what-is-the-reboot/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 17:39:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>globalreboot</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles in English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The &#039;reboot&#039; philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[action]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reboot]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[We believe there is a clear connection between climate change, social injustices and economic instability. The Western development model based on economic growth and exploitation of natural resources has always been exclusive: a few became rich and the most became poorer. Our economic model was only sustainable in so far as only a minority benefited [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=globalreboot.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10951256&amp;post=13&amp;subd=globalreboot&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We believe there is a clear connection between climate change, social injustices and economic instability. The Western development model based on economic growth and exploitation of natural resources has always been exclusive: a few became rich and the most became poorer.</p>
<p>Our economic model was only sustainable in so far as only a minority benefited from it. But now, after centuries of economic subservience, many more countries want a slice of the cake. It is the paradox of justice: if we all develop in the same way, there won&#8217;t be enough resources for everybody. And our climate? If all individuals were to pollute like the average European or American, the planet would most probably melt in one week.</p>
<p>So? It is our economic model, stupid.</p>
<p>It has never worked. It has been built on exploitation and injustices. It has fueled wars and has produced a deeply volatile global economy. Climate change is just the ultimate evidence of how faulty our economic model is. Can we turn the fight against the climate crisis into an opportunity to revolutionize the way in which our societies work? Instead of fighting against the symptoms, shouldn&#8217;t we try and address the root cause of all this mess?</p>
<p>This is the challenge Global Reboot is willing to take on. Let&#8217;s not miss the opportunity of learning from the challenges awaiting us. Let&#8217;s reboot the system!</p>
<p>Check our documentary &#8216;The Age of Adaptation&#8217; on www.globalreboot.org and join the cause. If we learn to act collectively, we can make a difference. </p>
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